分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 0 - 70 m (Ref. 13608). ; 12°N - 13°S, 82°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Panama to Brazil.
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 40.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); 最大體重: 1.2 kg (Ref. 5217)
背棘 (總數): 3; 背的軟條 (總數): 29; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 23 - 25; 脊椎骨: 36 - 38. Head depressed, trunk compressed; molariform teeth on both jaws; no venomous gland on any spine; body brownish dorsally with black diffuse mottlings, pale ventrally; lateral line pores distinct with white spots; fin membranes black distally (Ref. 13608).
Inhabits littoral (subtidal) waters; usually found on sandy or rock bottom; large fish may be found in waters less than 1 m of depth hiding in crevices or caves (Ref. 3273). Feeds mostly on molluscs and crustaceans. Reported to be moderately abundant and regularly consumed by fishermen (Ref. 50841). Eggs are deposited on the shells of mollusks and on stones. One of the very few marine fishes that guards fry and juveniles. It is caught in traps and special types of hooks (garrapinos) (Ref. 50841). Marketed fresh.
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
One of the few marine fishes that provide posthatching care. Males actively guard free-swimming juveniles in burrows (Ref. 13442, 101618). Males may mate more than once a year (Ref. 101618).
Collette, B.B., 1978. Batrachoididae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. West Atlantic (Fishing Area 31), Volume 1. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3273)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
更多資訊
參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 26.9 - 28, mean 27.5 °C (based on 130 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.0 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 44.5 [24.7, 81.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.492 [0.297, 0.979] mg/100g; Protein = 18 [17, 19] %; Omega3 = 0.108 [0.064, 0.188] g/100g; Selenium = 38.2 [20.3, 75.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 99.4 [33.8, 276.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.17 [0.82, 1.61] mg/100g (wet weight);