分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Rajiformes (Skates and rays) >
Rajidae (Skates)
Etymology: Rostroraja: Latin, rostrum = beak + Latin, raja, -ae = a sting ray (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lacepède.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 居於水底的; 深度上下限 30 - 600 m (Ref. 6808), usually 50 - 500 m (Ref. 26999). ; 56°N - 37°S, 19°W - 23°E
Eastern Atlantic and southwest Indian Ocean (British Isles to Mozambique) and the Mediterranean Sea.
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 230 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 11284); 202.0 cm TL (female)
簡短描述
型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
A giant skate with a broad-based, abruptly narrow-tipped snout covered with small, sharp thorns; pectoral disc angular, and no thorns on nape or back, but three rows of large thorns on tail (Ref. 5578). Larger immature and adult individuals grey with numerous small white spots above, underside white with no black pores; hatchlings plain reddish-brown above, often with blue spots, and white below with broad dusky grey margins on disc (Ref. 5578).
Inhabit shelf and slope waters (Ref. 4426). Found on sand and rock-sand bottom (Ref. 6808). A bottom-predator of bony fishes, other elasmobranchs, fish offal, crabs, shrimps, mysids, octopi, and cuttlefish (Ref. 5578). Minimum depth reported taken from Ref. 4426. Maximum length for female is 202 cm (Ref. 41333). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsules are 12.5-18.3 cm long and 10.0-13.9 cm wide (Ref. 41250). About 55-156 eggs are produced per individual annually (Ref. 41250).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Oviparous, paired eggs are laid. Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Eggs are laid in huge cases and take up to 18 months to hatch (Ref. 5578). Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205).
McEachran, J.D. and K.A. Dunn, 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of skates, a morphologically conservative clade of elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae). Copeia 1998(2):271-290. (Ref. 27314)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
瀕危 (EN) (A2cd+4cd); Date assessed: 31 January 2006
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 游釣魚種: 是的
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 8.8 - 17.5, mean 13.5 °C (based on 474 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00269 (0.00232 - 0.00313), b=3.22 (3.18 - 3.26), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.83 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Fec=55).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 11.3 [2.5, 57.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.67 [0.17, 1.98] mg/100g; Protein = 17.9 [15.2, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.497 [0.171, 1.832] g/100g; Selenium = 34.5 [10.7, 119.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 9.38 [3.06, 30.12] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.375 [0.184, 0.690] mg/100g (wet weight);