分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水; 深度上下限 0 - 50 m (Ref. 189). ; 30°N - 5°S, 115°W - 76°W (Ref. 189)
Eastern Pacific: Magdalena Bay, Baja California on the Pacific coast and from San Felipe Bay, Gulf of California south to Gulf of Guayaquil, northern Peru.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 10.8, range 11 - 11 cm
Max length : 25.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 96339); common length : 12.5 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9298); 最大體重: 57.40 g (Ref. 91172)
背棘 (總數): 0; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 26 - 29. Snout moderate, pointed, tip at or just above eye center; maxilla moderate, tip pointed and reaching onto pre-operculum (but not beyond), extending beyond second supra-maxilla; sub-operculum with a distinct triangular projection on hind margin; lower gill rakers fine and slender, increasing in larger fishes. Silver stripe along flank ,probably disappearing in larger fishes.
Occurs inshore along sandy beaches and in tide streams, forming large schools. Juveniles to about 7 cm occur on beaches and in bays, thereafter moving further from the shore. Feeds by filtering phytoplankton and zooplankton.
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Spawn in school (Ref. 205).
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 November 2019
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 誘餌: usually
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.3 - 28.5, mean 26.3 °C (based on 48 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00617 (0.00407 - 0.00934), b=3.23 (3.11 - 3.35), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.7 ±0.30 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (15 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 203 [123, 453] mg/100g; Iron = 1.52 [0.82, 2.66] mg/100g; Protein = 18.4 [16.9, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.279 [0.138, 0.566] g/100g; Selenium = 45.1 [20.5, 107.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 15.1 [4.1, 40.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 2.04 [1.41, 3.05] mg/100g (wet weight);