分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 0 - 40 m (Ref. 31184), usually 2 - 20 m (Ref. 35388). ; 72°N - 49°N, 11°W - 52°E
Northeast Atlantic: White Sea, Cheshskaya Guba and Murmansk coast (Barents Sea) southward to English Channel (River Somme); eastern coasts of Scotland, England, also Irish Sea; the Orkneys, Shetlands and in shallow waters of North Sea and Baltic.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 17.0, range 16 - 18 cm
Max length : 52.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4695); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 4695); 最大体重: 510.00 g (Ref. 6397); 最大年龄: 10 年 (Ref. 35388)
Bones are green due to harmless pigment. Skin slimy and variable color (Ref. 35388).
Inhabits rocky shores under stones, among algae and in tide pools, between tide marks down to 40 m. May remain out of water under rocks or seaweeds (Ref. 31184). Feeds on gastropods, chironomids, crustaceans, eggs and fry of fishes. Gives birth to live young (Ref. 9900). Bones colored green by the harmless pigment Vivianit (Ref. 4645). Breathes air when out of water (Ref. 31184). Mating takes place in August - September with internal fertilization of the eggs. Female give birth to 30-400 developed young (35-55mm) (Ref. 35388).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Fertilization occurs in August-September. Egg development lasts for one month. Total bearing time is five months (Ref. 6397).
Andriashev, A.P., 1986. Zoarcidae. p. 1130-1150. In P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen and E. Tortonese (eds.) Fishes of the North-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. volume 3. UNESCO, Paris. (Ref. 4695)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 7.3 - 11.3, mean 9.4 °C (based on 310 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00316 (0.00188 - 0.00531), b=3.13 (2.97 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.49 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (tm=2; tmax=10; Fec=30; K=0.19-0.4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (84 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 37.7 [20.6, 67.3] mg/100g; Iron = 0.3 [0.2, 0.5] mg/100g; Protein = 17.7 [15.0, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.361 [0.203, 0.613] g/100g; Selenium = 11.6 [5.6, 22.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.1 [5.2, 39.9] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.711 [0.513, 0.993] mg/100g (wet weight);