分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Holocephali
全头亚纲 (银鲛科) (chimaeras) >
Chimaeriformes (Chimaeras) >
Callorhinchidae (Plownose chimaeras)
Etymology: Callorhinchus: Tautonymous with Chimaera callorynchus Linnaeus 1758 (but unnecessarily emended from -rynchus to -rhinchus: callum (L.), hard skin; rhynchus (L.), snout, referring to peculiar hoe-shaped proboscis. (See ETYFish); milii: In honor of Bory de Saint-Vincent’s “old friend” (translation) Pierre Bernard Milius (1773‒1829), a French naval officer, naturalist and civil servant, who supplied specimen upon which description and its accompanying illustration (shown here) were based; (See ETYFish).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 0 - 227 m (Ref. 26346). ; 33°S - 50°S
Southwest Pacific: southern Australia and New Zealand.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 71.0, range 70 - ? cm
Max length : 125 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 26346); common length : 75.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9258)
Occurs on continental shelves to depths of at least 200 m (Ref. 6871). Migrates into large estuaries and inshore bays in the spring to breed (Ref. 6871). Feeds mainly on shellfish (Ref. 26346). Oviparous (Ref. 50449). Eggs are encased in horny shells (Ref. 205). Flesh is of good eating quality. Males have a small, club-like protuberance on the head and also long copulation organs near the pelvic fins (Ref. 557).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Migrates into large estuaries and inshore bays in the spring to breed (Ref. 6871). Oviparous, two egg cases (Ref. 26346) are laid on sandy or muddy bottoms and take up to 8 months to hatch (Ref. 6871). Embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449).Young hatch at about 15 cm (Ref. 26346).
Last, P.R. and J.D. Stevens, 1994. Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p. (Ref. 6871)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 12.1 - 18.2, mean 15.2 °C (based on 179 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00490 (0.00203 - 0.01181), b=3.13 (2.91 - 3.35), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.29 se; based on food items.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增时间4.5 - 14 年 (K=0.06-0.47; tm=2-6; Fec=2).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (55 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (83 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 25.5 [6.4, 69.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.758 [0.284, 2.957] mg/100g; Protein = 14.3 [11.2, 18.8] %; Omega3 = 0.258 [0.116, 0.579] g/100g; Selenium = 32 [9, 84] μg/100g; VitaminA = 7.14 [3.03, 17.16] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.661 [0.338, 1.252] mg/100g (wet weight);