分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 深度上下限 0 - 60 m (Ref. 3702), usually ? - 25 m (Ref. 9626). ; 11°N - 40°S
Western Atlantic: Venezuela to northern Argentina.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 23.7, range 18 - 46 cm
Max length : 53.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 54990); common length : 35.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3702); 最大體重: 109.60 g (Ref. 118626)
簡短描述
型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數): 11; 背的軟條 (總數): 29; 臀棘 2; 臀鰭軟條: 8 - 9
Found over mud or sandy mud bottoms in coastal waters to about 60 m depth. Juveniles abundant in estuaries and tidal mud flats. Feeds on shrimps and fishes (Ref. 9626). Important food fish.
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Chao, L.N., 1978. Sciaenidae. In W. Fischer (ed.) FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. West Atlantic (Fishing Area 31). Volume 4. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 3702)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13.4 - 27.8, mean 20.7 °C (based on 238 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00708 (0.00657 - 0.00763), b=3.05 (3.03 - 3.07), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.9 ±0.65 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.44; tm=3; tmax=7).
Prior r = 0.72, 95% CL = 0.47 - 1.07, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (39 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 80 [44, 160] mg/100g; Iron = 1.06 [0.56, 1.87] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.8, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.375 [0.187, 0.777] g/100g; Selenium = 21.7 [11.4, 43.3] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.9 [7.2, 70.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.774 [0.547, 1.132] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.