分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 淡水; 半鹹淡水 居於水底的; 非產卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 46888). 25°C - 30°C (Ref. 97140); 32°N -
Northwest to western Central Atlantic: Bermuda, Bahamas, South Carolina and northern Gulf of Mexico in USA to southeastern Brazil.
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 25.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 7251); common length : 12.5 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 12193)
背棘 (總數): 7; 背的軟條 (總數): 9; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 9
Adults are found on shallow, muddy or sandy bottoms (Ref. 13628). They appear to prefer estuarine freshwater tributaries, occurring in waters with a salinity range of 0 to 19 ppt (Ref. 7251), or up to 36.6 in some cases (Ref. 97140). Feed on dipteran larvae and pupae (especially the juveniles); crustaceans like crabs and shrimps; and small fishes. The diet changes with sexual maturity and season. Gonadal development takes place during the dry season. Average size at maturity is 5.7 mm for males and 4.3 mm for females (Ref. 35237).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
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參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.4 - 28.1, mean 27.2 °C (based on 808 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (15 of 100).