分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 深海底的; 深度上下限 100 - 700 m (Ref. 56504). ; 73°N - 26°N, 30°W - 37°E (Ref. 54564)
Northeast Atlantic: Iceland southward to Cape Bojador (26°N), West Sahara and in the western Mediterranean.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 25.8  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3397); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 3397); 最大体重: 0.00 g; 最大年龄: 16 年 (Ref. 108908)
背棘 (总数): 0; 背的软条 (总数): 85-94; 臀鳍软条: 64 - 74. Dorsal fin origin closer to tip of snout than to anterior edge of eye. Dorsal and anal fins terminate just a little on the blind side of the caudal peduncle. Lateral line forms a distinct curve above the pectoral fin. Dorsal and anal fin with indefinite darker spots posteriorly.
Adults occur on soft bottoms. Depth range from 100-400 m (Ref. 06302) and from 288-700 m in the eastern Ionian Sea (Ref. 56504). Feed on small bottom-living fishes as well as squids and crustaceans (Ref. 4703). Spawning occurs in deep waters off Iceland and west of the British Isles (Ref. 35388).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Nielsen, J.G., 1990. Scophthalmidae. p. 1026. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6501)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性
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特别资料
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 6.3 - 11.4, mean 7.7 °C (based on 165 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.7520 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00479 (0.00375 - 0.00610), b=3.10 (3.03 - 3.17), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.3 ±0.1 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.5 (5.5 - 9.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 23
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.13; tm=2-4; Fec = 26,522; tmax=16).
Prior r = 0.51, 95% CL = 0.33 - 0.76, Based on 6 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): High vulnerability (60 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Low vulnerability (25 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 21.2 [10.9, 41.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.309 [0.126, 0.732] mg/100g; Protein = 19.3 [17.5, 20.9] %; Omega3 = 0.35 [0.17, 0.77] g/100g; Selenium = 14.6 [4.4, 46.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.1 [2.5, 55.2] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.285 [0.146, 0.582] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.