Umbra pygmaea, Eastern mudminnow : aquarium

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Umbra pygmaea (DeKay, 1842)

Eastern mudminnow
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分類 / Names 俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei > Esociformes (Pikes and mudminnows) > Umbridae (Mudminnows)
Etymology: Umbra: Latin, umbra, -ae = shadow, in the sense of phantom; due to its quick movements (Ref. 45335).
More on author: DeKay.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range 生態學

; 淡水 居於水底的; pH range: 6.0 - 6.5; dH range: 3 - 8; 非遷移的. 4°C - 23°C (Ref. 1672); 42°N - 30°N

分布 國家 | FAO區域 | 生態系 | 發現紀錄 | Point map | 簡介 | Faunafri

North America: Atlantic and Gulf slopes from southeastern New York (including Long Island) to St.Johns River drainage in Florida and west to Aucilla River drainage in Florida and Georgia, USA (Ref. 5723). Introduced (but very localized) to central and western Europe (Ref. 59043).

Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡

Maturity: Lm 3.7  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 13.7 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 88166); 15.0 cm TL (female)

簡短描述 型態特徵 | 形態測量圖

背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 14-15; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 8 - 11. Body robust, thick, little compressed; head bluntly conic; snout short, equal to diameter of eye; mouth moderate, jaws short, mandible protrudes slightly beyond tip of upper jaw, premaxillaries not protractile. Gill rakers short and numerous. Dorsal inserted near pectoral than caudal base; pelvic inserted just before origin of dorsal , rays of depressed fin reaching to about 3rd anal ray. Caudal fin rounded, with 18-20 rays (Ref. 2196). Pigmentation: yellowish green with 10-12 narrow lateral dark stripes; a dark stripe through eye; a black basicaudal bar; lower jaw pale; fins plain. Also Ref. 40476.

生物學特性     字彙 (例如 epibenthic)

Facultative air-breathing (Ref. 126274); Inhabits quiet streams, sloughs, swamps and other wetlands over sand, mud and debris, often among dense vegetation. Juveniles also found among aquatic vegetation, often forming schools of 10-12 individuals (Ref. 39069). An introduced species in Europe which usually occurs in small isolated ponds and peat bogs (Ref. 59043). Oviparous, larvae remain in algal nest for about 6 days (Ref. 39067). Spawning takes place in April and May (Ref. 30578). Feeds on insect larvae, worms, mollusks, crustaceans alevins. Experimental studies show that this species can tolerate acidic environment, particularly, at ph values ranging from 4.0 to 7.0 where no mortality or significant changes in blood plasma osmolarity and haematocrit was observed (Ref. 59260).

Life cycle and mating behavior 成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚


主要參考資料 Upload your references | 參考文獻 | 合作者 | 合作者

Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p. (Ref. 5723)

IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)

  無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 March 2012

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

對人類具威脅

 





人類使用

漁業: 沒有興趣; 水族館: 商業性
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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生態毒物學
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孕卵數
卵
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年龄/大小
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仔魚
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參考文獻
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聲音
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Otoliths
腦重體重比
眼睛色素

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網路資源

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Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.6329   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01023 (0.00504 - 0.02078), b=3.10 (2.91 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref. 93245).
營養階層 (Ref. 69278):  3.3   ±0.39 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref. 120179):  中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (tm=1.5-2; Ave. Fec=342).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  Low vulnerability (10 of 100).