分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Lutjanidae (Snappers) > Lutjaninae
Etymology: Lutjanus: Malay, ikan lutjan, name of a fish.
More on author: Linnaeus.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 淡水; 半咸淡水 礁区鱼类; 非产卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 55); 深度上下限 5 - 180 m (Ref. 55), usually ? - 50 m (Ref. 9626). ; 42°N - 9°N, 98°W - 59°W (Ref. 55231)
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts south along U.S. coast, Bermuda, the Bahamas, and throughout the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Records from Brazil are based on misidentifications (Ref. 113893). Records from the eastern Atlantic are vagrants (Ref. 10795).
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 32.0, range 21 - ? cm
Max length : 89.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 55); common length : 40.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 55); 最大体重: 20.0 kg (Ref. 4883); 最大年龄: 21 年 (Ref. 55)
背棘 (总数): 10; 背的软条 (总数): 13-14; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 7 - 8. Dorsal profile of head slightly concave, snout long and pointed. Preopercular notch and knob weak. Scale rows on back parallel to lateral line anteriorly, but rising obliquely posteriorly, below soft part of dorsal fin. Young specimens with a dark stripe from snout through the eye to upper opercle and a blue stripe on cheek below eye.
Adults inhabit coastal as well as offshore waters around coral reefs, rocky areas, estuaries, mangrove areas, and sometimes in lower reaches of rivers (especially the young). They are found in fresh water in Florida (Ref. 26938). Often forming large aggregations. Feed mainly at night on small fishes, shrimps, crabs, gastropods, cephalopods and some planktonic items. Easily approached (Ref. 9710). Good food fish (Ref. 9626). Utilized fresh and frozen; eaten pan-fried, broiled, microwaved, and baked (Ref. 9987). Has been reared in captivity (Ref. 35420).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Spawning occurs in summer near the time of the full moon.
Allen, G.R., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 6. Snappers of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of lutjanid species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(6):208 p. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 55)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性; 游钓鱼种: 是的; 水族馆: 商业性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 20 - 27.5, mean 24.8 °C (based on 137 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01479 (0.01302 - 0.01681), b=2.97 (2.95 - 2.99), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.6 (4.8 - 8.8) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 10
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.10; tm=2-3; tmax=21).
Prior r = 0.45, 95% CL = 0.30 - 0.67, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 14.7 [8.0, 24.0] mg/100g; Iron = 0.307 [0.183, 0.560] mg/100g; Protein = 19.5 [18.0, 20.8] %; Omega3 = 0.222 [0.132, 0.370] g/100g; Selenium = 36.3 [18.3, 68.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 92.6 [15.6, 438.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.255 [0.181, 0.390] mg/100g (wet weight);