Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
पारिस्थितिकी
समुद्री; स्वच्छ जल, अलवण जल; खारा ड़िमरसल; कैटाड़रोमस (Ref. 46888); गहराई सीमा 2 - 15 m (Ref. 130217). Subtropical; 65°N - 12°N, 24°W - 36°E
Eastern Atlantic: Scandinavia and Iceland (Ref. 4537) south to Senegal and Cape Verde. Also Mediterranean Sea; southwestern Black Sea (Ref. 2058).
Length at first maturity / आकार / वज़न / Age
Maturity: Lm 29.5 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 75.0 cm SL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 35388); common length : 32.0 cm SL पुल्लिंग / अलिंग; (Ref. 7399); अधिकतम प्रकाशित वज़न: 4.5 kg (Ref. 35388); अधिकतम सूचित उम्र: 25 वर्षो (Ref. 35388)
पृष्ठीय रीढ़ (सम्पूर्ण): 5; पृष्ठीय सौफट रेज़ (सम्पूर्ण): 7-9; गुदा कांटा 3; ऐनल सौफट रेज़: 8 - 9
Adults are found inshore in schools, frequently entering brackish lagoons and freshwater (Ref. 30578). They migrate occasionally tending to move northward in summer-time as temperatures rise. Females are larger than males (Ref. 59043). Adults feed mainly on benthic diatoms, epiphytic algae, small invertebrates and detritus (Ref. 2804), juveniles only feed on zooplankton (Ref. 59043). Oviparous (Ref. 205). Reproduction occurs in the sea during winter (Ref. 30578). Eggs and larvae pelagic. Utilized as a food fish (Ref. 4645).
Juveniles around 2.0 cm SL move to coastal lagoons and estuaries in April-June and return to sea in summer (Ref. 59043).
Thomson, J.M., 1986. Mugilidae. p. 344-349. In J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse and D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB, Brussels, MRAC; Tervuren; and ORSTOM, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 3573)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
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