分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 居于水底的; 深度上下限 0 - 30 m (Ref. 55763). ; 32°N - 7°S, 115°W - 77°W
Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to Peru.
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 39.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 55763); 43.2 cm TL (female); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 55763); 最大年龄: 5 年 (Ref. 105273)
Inhabits soft bottoms, from within the vicinity of mangrove areas up to a depth of 29 m (Ref. 9330). Feeds on large benthic invertebrates and small fishes (Ref. 9330). Utilized fresh (Ref. 9330). Max. length size of female from Ref. 105273.
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Distinct pairing (Ref. 205).
Hensley, D.A., 1995. Paralichthyidae. Lenguados. p. 1349-1380. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9330)
人类利用
渔业: 低经济
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.3 - 29.1, mean 26.8 °C (based on 240 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00891 (0.00405 - 0.01963), b=3.11 (2.93 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 4.5 ±0.8 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 1.8 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增时间少于 15个月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (25 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 154 [69, 320] mg/100g; Iron = 0.999 [0.464, 1.998] mg/100g; Protein = 17.6 [15.5, 19.6] %; Omega3 = 0.149 [0.072, 0.299] g/100g; Selenium = 46.4 [20.5, 109.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 12.4 [3.2, 49.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.896 [0.583, 1.397] mg/100g (wet weight);