分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 3 - 150 m (Ref. 9824). ; 32°N - 32°S, 26°E - 138°W
Indo-Pacific: throughout the Indian Ocean, including the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf to Hawaiian, Marquesas, and Society islands, north to southern Japan, south to Lord Howe Island. Record from the eastern Mediterranean incorrect (Ref. 9824).
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 39.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 9710); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3322)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 84-97; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 61 - 73. Eyed side with dark spots, blotches and rings on body and median fins; 1 distinct dark blotch on middle of straight section of lateral line; narrow dark crossbars on eyed side of pectorals (Ref. 4417). Pectoral rays 9-12 (eyed side) and 9-11 (blind side).
Inhabits sandy or silty sand, and muddy bottoms of inner reef flats and seaward reefs; juveniles frequently found in tide pools (Ref. 9824, 48637). Benthic (Ref. 58302). Feeds on benthic animals (Ref. 5213). Utilized as a food fish (Ref. 4537) and processed into fish meal (Ref. 9824).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Hensley, D.A., 1986. Bothidae. p. 854-863. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4417)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性
更多資訊
俗名同種異名新陳代謝捕食者生態毒物學繁殖成熟度產卵場產卵群集孕卵數卵卵發育
參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.6 - 28.3, mean 25.1 °C (based on 608 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00832 (0.00430 - 0.01608), b=3.13 (2.97 - 3.29), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.37 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 低的, 最小族群倍增時間4.5 - 14 年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Prior r = 0.25, 95% CL = 0.14 - 0.47, Based on 1 stock assessment.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate vulnerability (44 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 40 [16, 81] mg/100g; Iron = 0.462 [0.219, 0.857] mg/100g; Protein = 18.1 [16.6, 19.6] %; Omega3 = 0.0809 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 41.3 [21.5, 84.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 63.4 [16.2, 259.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.993 [0.659, 1.434] mg/100g (wet weight);