Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Οικολογία
Θαλασσινό(ά) Υφαλόφιλο(α); ωκεανόδρομο(ς) (Ref. 51243); εύρος βάθους ? - 59 m (Ref. 89891). Subtropical; 30°N - 18°N, 98°W - 73°W
Western Atlantic: northeastern Florida, USA and northern Gulf of Mexico to Bay of Campeche.
Length at first maturity / Μέγεθος / Βάρος / Age
Maturity: Lm 19.5, range 17 - 22 cm
Max length : 46.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 7251); common length : 37.0 cm TL αρσενικό/απροσδιόριστο; (Ref. 3815)
Found primarily on sponge and coral bottoms. Feeds mainly on invertebrates (Ref. 9739).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Αναπαραγωγή | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Προνύμφες
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
αλιεία: Εμπορικό(ά)
Εργαλεία
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Διαδικτυακές πηγές
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.4 - 27.7, mean 25.7 °C (based on 174 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01318 (0.00691 - 0.02514), b=2.84 (2.68 - 3.00), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Τροφικό Επίπεδο (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 4.3 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 2
growth studies.
Ελαστικότητα (Ref.
120179): Μεσαίο(α), ελάχιστος χρόνος για διπλασιασμό πληθυσμού 1,4 - 4,4 έτη (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (31 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 27.9 [11.6, 57.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.568 [0.288, 1.182] mg/100g; Protein = 20 [19, 21] %; Omega3 = 0.173 [0.097, 0.318] g/100g; Selenium = 16.2 [7.2, 33.1] μg/100g; VitaminA = 28.8 [6.6, 119.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.641 [0.393, 0.993] mg/100g (wet weight);