Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marinhas associadas(os) a recifes; intervalo de profundidade 3 - 87 m (Ref. 7251). Tropical; 30°N - 33°S, 91°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Florida, USA and the northeastern Gulf of Mexico to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; throughout the West Indies (Ref. 3815).
Tamanho / Peso / Idade
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 46.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 7251); common length : 28.0 cm TL macho/indeterminado; (Ref. 3815); peso máx. publicado: 1.0 kg (Ref. 5217)
Espinhos dorsais (total) : 12; Raios dorsais (total) : 12; Espinhos anais: 3; Raios anais : 10. Silvery, the scales with iridescent reflections; usually a faint longitudinal banding on a body; a blue-gray line under eye present or absent; no other blue markings; no orange or yellow at corner of mouth; small black spot at upper base of pectoral fins (Ref. 13442).
Found in clear reef areas over soft or semi-hard bottoms. Juveniles are encountered in seagrass (Thalassia) beds (Ref. 9626). Marketed fresh and frozen.
Ciclo de vida ou comportamento de acasalamento
Maturities | Reprodução | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvas
Robins, C.R. and G.C. Ray, 1986. A field guide to Atlantic coast fishes of North America. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, U.S.A. 354 p. (Ref. 7251)
Status na Lista Vermelha da UICN (Ref. 130435)
Ameaça para os humanos
Reports of ciguatera poisoning (Ref. 30303)
Uso pelos humanos
Pescarias: pouco comercial
Ferramentas
Relatórios especiais
Baixar XML
Fontes da internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 21.8 - 28, mean 26.4 °C (based on 332 cells).
Índice de diversidade filogenética (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5001 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02754 (0.01723 - 0.04404), b=2.89 (2.76 - 3.02), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
Nível Trófico (Ref.
69278): 4.4 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 2.0 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
Resiliência (Ref.
120179): Elevada, tempo mínimo de duplicação da população menor que 15 meses (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (26 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 49.3 [19.5, 92.7] mg/100g; Iron = 0.609 [0.292, 1.179] mg/100g; Protein = 19.9 [18.5, 21.3] %; Omega3 = 0.139 [0.076, 0.257] g/100g; Selenium = 38.3 [18.2, 78.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 39.5 [9.9, 156.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.746 [0.457, 1.141] mg/100g (wet weight);
