分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Scombriformes (Mackerels) >
Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas, bonitos) > Scombrinae
Etymology: Rastrelliger: Latin, rastra = rake + Latin, gero = to carry.
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 20 - 90 m (Ref. 12260). 17°C - ? (Ref. 54861); 38°N - 36°S, 20°E - 180°E (Ref. 54861)
Indo-West Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to Indonesia, north to the Ryukyu Islands and China, south to Australia, Melanesia and Samoa. Entered the eastern Mediterranean Sea through the Suez Canal.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 21.0, range 17 - 24.5 cm
Max length : 36.0 cm 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 111654); 42.1 cm TL (female); common length : 25.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 30573); 最大體重: 0.00 g; 最大年齡: 4 年 (Ref. 168)
背棘 (總數): 8 - 11; 背的軟條 (總數): 12; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 12. Head longer than body depth. Maxilla partly concealed, covered by lachrymal bone but extending to about hind margin of eye. Bristles on longest gill raker 105 on one side in specimens of 12.7 cm, 140 in 16 cm, and 160 in 19 cm fork length specimens. A black spot on body near lower margin of pectoral fin. Interpelvic process small and single. Swim bladder present. Anal spine rudimentary.
Adults occur in coastal bays, harbors and deep lagoons, usually in some turbid plankton-rich waters. Form schools. Feed on phytoplankton (diatoms) and small zooplankton (cladocerans, ostracods, larval polychaetes, etc.) (Ref. 9684). Small groups were seen eating eggs of Cheilio inermis straight after spawning (Ref. 48637). Adult individuals feed on macroplankton such as larval shrimps and fish. Eggs and larvae are pelagic (Ref. 6769). Generally marketed fresh, frozen, canned, dried-salted, and smoked; also made into fish sauce (Ref. 9684).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Collette, B.B. and C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2):137 p. (Ref. 168)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性; 游釣魚種: 是的; 誘餌: occasionally
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.7 - 28.3, mean 27.3 °C (based on 491 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00871 (0.00767 - 0.00989), b=3.07 (3.04 - 3.10), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.38 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 1.1 (0.9 - 1.2) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 80
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.2-1.9; tm=0.5-1; tmax=4; Fec = 37,690).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 3 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (17 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Moderate to high vulnerability (52 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 200 [75, 539] mg/100g; Iron = 3.28 [1.58, 6.56] mg/100g; Protein = 20.6 [19.4, 21.9] %; Omega3 = 0.32 [0.15, 0.67] g/100g; Selenium = 47.6 [16.2, 153.7] μg/100g; VitaminA = 22.8 [6.0, 89.3] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.24 [0.67, 3.18] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
