分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 ? - 50 m (Ref. 12204). ; 44°N - 35°S, 98°W - 34°W
Western Atlantic: Canada (Ref. 12204) and Massachusetts, USA to Brazil, including Bermuda, the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean.
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 47.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 7251); common length : 20.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3696)
Carapace and caudal peduncle blackish with numerous small white spots; lips and bases of fins blackish; terminal edge of caudal fin narrowly white with a blackish submarginal band (Ref. 13442).
Found on coral reefs (Ref. 12204). Solitary or in small groups (Ref. 9710). Feeds on a wide variety of small bottom invertebrates such as mollusks, crustaceans, worms, sessile tunicates and sponges exposed by a jet of water ejected through the mouth (Ref. 9710). Marketed fresh locally (Ref. 3696). Toxins released when excited kill other fishes (Ref. 5521). Easily approached (Ref. 9710).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Coad, B.W., 1995. Encyclopedia of Canadian fishes. Canadian Museum of Nature and Canadian Sportfishing Productions Inc. Singapore. (Ref. 12204)
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 水族館: 商業性
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參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.7 - 28, mean 25.7 °C (based on 396 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.05012 (0.02762 - 0.09093), b=2.77 (2.60 - 2.94), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Fec assumed to be > 10,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (37 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 23.4 [9.0, 74.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.603 [0.295, 1.440] mg/100g; Protein = 19.1 [16.8, 21.2] %; Omega3 = 0.16 [0.08, 0.31] g/100g; Selenium = 19.9 [8.5, 43.9] μg/100g; VitaminA = 23.1 [5.8, 100.8] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.683 [0.436, 1.092] mg/100g (wet weight);