Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologia
marino demersale; distribuzione batimetrica 50 - 500 m (Ref. 11228), usually 50 - 150 m (Ref. 36731). Subtropical; 23°S - 35°S
Southeast Atlantic: Walvis Bay, Namibia to Natal, South Africa. Record from Mauritius is probably based on a specimen originating from South Africa (Ref. 33390).
Size / Peso / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 11228); common length : 17.0 cm TL maschio/sesso non determinato; (Ref. 9602)
Spine dorsali (totale): 19 - 21; Raggi dorsali molli (totale): 11-14; Spine anali 0; Raggi anali molli: 9 - 10. Adults brown and with irregular light spots, pale below; young pale brown and with irregular brown markings (Ref. 6626).
Inhabits soft bottoms (Ref. 27121). Periodically sheds the outer keratinous layer of its skin (Ref. 27121). Flesh edible but rarely eaten (Ref. 6626).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturità | Riproduzione | Deposizione | Uova | Fecundity | Larve
Poss, S.G., 1986. Congiopodidae. p. 480-481. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 6626)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Pesca: pesca di sussistenza
Informazioni ulteriori
Nomi ComuniSinonimiMetabolismoPredatoriEcotossicologiaRiproduzioneMaturitàDeposizioneSpawning aggregationFecundityUovaEgg development
BibliografiaAcquacolturaProfilo di acquacolturaVarietàGeneticaElectrophoresesEreditarietàMalattieElaborazioneNutrientsMass conversion
CollaboratoriImmaginiStamps, Coins Misc.SuoniCiguateraVelocitàModalità di nuotoArea branchialeOtolithsCervelliVista
Strumenti
Special reports
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 10.8 - 19.1, mean 14.4 °C (based on 34 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5176 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00514 - 0.02450), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).