Teleostei (teleosts) > Scombriformes (Mackerels) > Tetragonuridae (Squaretails)
Etymology: Tetragonurus: Greek, tetra = four + Greek, gonia = angle + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Lowe.

Marine; pelagic-oceanic; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 0 - 800 m (Ref. 10823) usually 0 - 91 m (Ref. 7251); subtropical; 47°N - 8°N -.

Atlantic, Indian and Pacific: in tropical and subtropical waters. Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia in Canada to Panama (Ref. 7251).

Max length: 50.0 cm TL male/unsexed (Ref. 4415).

Dorsal spines (total): 14 - 17; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10 - 13; Anal spines: 1; Anal soft rays: 9 - 12; Vertebrae: 44 - 51. Light brown to nearly black in color.

Oceanic, mostly in the upper 91 m but adults probably deeper (Ref. 7251). Occasionally strays close to shore (Ref. 7251). Young commonly inquiline in pelagic tunicates, especially Salpa and Pyrosoma (Ref. 11149). Feeds on soft-bodied medusae, ctenophores and especially salps; will also take plankton (Ref. 11149). The flesh may be poisonous (Ref. 27121).

Haedrich, R.L. 1986 Tetragonuridae. p. 851. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. (Ref. 4415)

  Least Concern (LC); date assessed: May 20 2013

Not Evaluated

Not Evaluated

  Poisonous to eat (Ref. 27121)

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Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 13.9 - 28.5, mean 24.8 °C (based on 1976 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.75 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00389 (0.00180 - 0.00842), b=3.12 (2.94 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trophic level (Ref. 69278): 3.6 ±0.4 se; Based on food items.

Resilience (Ref. 120179): Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Moderate vulnerability (40 of 100).

Nutrients (Ref. 124155): Calcium = 0 [0, 0] mg/100g; Iron = 0 [0, 0] mg/100g; Protein = 0 [0, 0] %; Omega3 = 0 [0, 0] g/100g; Selenium = 0 [0, 0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 0 [0, 0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0 [0, 0] mg/100g (wet weight);