Teleostei (teleosts) >
Acanthuriformes (Surgeonfishes) >
Ephippidae (Spadefishes, batfishes and scats)
Etymology: Parapsettus: Greek, para = the side of + Greek psetta = grouper (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Steindachner.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecology
Marine; reef-associated. Tropical; 28°N - 11°S, 111°W - 77°W
Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to Peru.
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 31.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 124487); common length : 20.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 55763); max. published weight: 793.12 g (Ref. 124487)
Demersal over coral reefs and rocky bottoms of shallow waters (Ref. 9299). Feeds on invertebrates (Ref. 9299). Maximum TL of at least 30 cm (Ref. 9299).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae
Thomson, D.A., 1987. Reef fishes of the Sea of Cortez. The rocky-shore fishes of the Gulf of California. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson. 302 p. (Ref. 5592)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
Threat to humans
Harmless
Human uses
Fisheries: commercial
Tools
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Internet sources
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.9 - 28.9, mean 27 °C (based on 193 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.03090 (0.01556 - 0.06136), b=2.94 (2.76 - 3.12), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.37 se; based on food items.
Resilience (Ref.
120179): Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (21 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 55.6 [29.8, 89.5] mg/100g; Iron = 0.583 [0.357, 0.914] mg/100g; Protein = 18.7 [17.6, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.111 [0.072, 0.169] g/100g; Selenium = 30.6 [18.5, 54.6] μg/100g; VitaminA = 59.4 [18.3, 183.4] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.08 [0.76, 1.54] mg/100g (wet weight);