分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 深度上下限 0 - 50 m (Ref. 189). ; 32°N - 10°N, 94°W - 60°W (Ref. 189)
Western Central Atlantic: Beaufort, North Carolina south to Florida (USA); Antilles from Cuba to St. Lucia, also Trinidad, but not recorded at Blanquilla and Los Roques off Venezuela; also occurs off Panama.
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 11.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217); common length : 9.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5217)
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 15-16; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 10 - 18. Body slightly compressed; snout moderate, about 3/4 eye diameter; maxilla short with bluntly rounded tip, failing to reach pre-operculum by 1/2 pupil diameter; pseudobranch short, about 3/4 eye diameter; panamensis-type gill cover canals. Anal fin origin slightly behind base of last dorsal fin ray. A bright silver stripe along flank, about 3/4 or almost equal to eye, dark bordered above (Ref. 189). Body pale, few melanophores above, row of anal melanophores along anal-fin base. Eye orangish above, top of head with green and gold reflections (Ref. 7251).
Occurs in coastal waters, apparently not entering brackish water. Rare in Florida shore seine collections, but 'in great numbers under a night light', perhaps because it may stay some distance from the shore in daytime.
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Spawn in school (Ref. 205).
Whitehead, P.J.P., G.J. Nelson and T. Wongratana, 1988. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (Suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/2):305-579. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 189)
人類使用
漁業: 自給性漁業; 誘餌: usually
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參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.4 - 28, mean 26.4 °C (based on 226 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00537 (0.00253 - 0.01141), b=3.13 (2.96 - 3.30), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.2 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (10 of 100).