分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Carangiformes (Jacks) >
Carangidae (Jacks and pompanos) > Caranginae
Etymology: Parastromateus: Greek, para in the side of + Greek, stromatos = a fish flattened body with a lot of colours (Stromateus sp.) (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Bloch.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類; 非產卵性溯降河的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 15 - 105 m (Ref. 12260), usually 15 - 40 m (Ref. 54702). ; 42°N - 30°S, 32°E - 154°E
Indo-West Pacific: East Africa to southern Japan and Australia.
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 23.0, range 22 - 24 cm
Max length : 75.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5284); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 3287)
背棘 (總數): 2 - 6; 背的軟條 (總數): 41-46; 臀棘 2; 臀鰭軟條: 35 - 40; 脊椎骨: 24. Deep-bodied and strongly compressed fishes. Lateral line ends in weakly-developed scutes on the caudal peduncle. Pelvic fins lost in individuals over 9 cm. Color is brown above, silvery-white below. The anterior parts of the dorsal and anal fins bluish-gray. The other fins yellowish.
Adults inhabit coastal areas with muddy substrate. Found near the bottom during daytime and near the surface at night. They also enter estuaries (Ref. 1479). Normally form large schools (Ref. 5213). Swim on its side near the surface (Ref. 3197). Feed on zooplankton (Ref. 30573). Excellent food fish (Ref. 3197); marketed fresh, may be dried or salted (Ref. 5284).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 665 p. (Ref. 7300)
人類使用
漁業: 高經濟性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.3 - 29.1, mean 28.1 °C (based on 1436 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.02570 (0.02118 - 0.03119), b=2.89 (2.83 - 2.95), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 2.9 ±0.35 se; based on food items.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (K=0.6; Fec=1,692).
Prior r = 0.57, 95% CL = 0.37 - 0.85, Based on 15 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (86 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 125 [23, 264] mg/100g; Iron = 0.892 [0.342, 2.262] mg/100g; Protein = 19.7 [18.3, 21.0] %; Omega3 = 0.112 [0.065, 0.213] g/100g; Selenium = 50.6 [24.2, 118.5] μg/100g; VitaminA = 27.8 [6.4, 116.0] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.594 [0.337, 1.944] mg/100g (wet weight); based on
nutrient studies.
