Main Ref. | Nakamura, I., 1985 |
Mode | dioecism |
Fertilization | external |
Mating type | |
Spawning frequency | Variable throughout range |
Spawning aggregation | Ref. |
Batch spawner | Yes. Ref. Hopper, C.N., 1990 |
Reproductive guild |
nonguarders open water/substratum egg scatterers |
Parental Care | none |
Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Spawning probably takes place year-round in equatorial waters to 10° latitude (although 1 study has suggested this needs verification) and during summer periods in both hemispheres to 30° latitude, in both the Indian and Pacific oceans (Ref. 6390). In the southern hemisphere, concentrations of spawning fish probably occur around French Polynesia (Ref. 30354). |
Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |