Main Ref. | Fricke, R., 1986 |
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Remarks | Found on sandy and muddy substrate of the coastal area down to a depth of about 100 m (Refs. 5213, 127989). Occasionally visits Posidonia oceanica meadows (Ref. 122772). Feeds on small benthic invertebrates. Clear sexual dimorphism (Ref. 127989). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; |
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Substrate Ref. | Golani, D., E. Azurro, J. Dulčić, E. Massutí and L. Orsi-Relini, 2021 |
Special habitats | Beds: sea grass; |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Fricke, R., 1986 |
Feeding habit | |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.27 | 0.39 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |