Main Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985 |
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Remarks | Euryhaline, anadromous, northward migration in spring (March/April), but sometimes as early as February or even January), a little distance from the shore. No feeding by A. kessleri kessleri during migration up rivers whereas A. kessleri volgensis feed en route. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985 |
Feeding habit | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | 4.46 | 0.74 | 4.12 | 0.38 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
From individual food items | 3.60 | 0.49 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Heckman, C.W., 1991 |